Hollow fiber membranes present a compelling approach for water treatment applications due to their unique geometric characteristics and exceptional capability. These cylindrical structures, composed of polymer materials, possess a large surface area to volume ratio, enabling efficient purification of contaminants from water. The multilayered natur

Membrane Aerated Bioreactors (MABRs) provide a sustainable alternative for the challenges of modern wastewater treatment. These systems utilize aerobic digestion to effectively remove pollutants from wastewater, resulting in a higher quality effluent discharge. Benefits include, they are more energy-efficient compared to traditional methods, makin